Decrease and Increase IHSG

            

            Composite Stock Price Index, or better known as the JCI, would be a term familiar part of the community. Especially for saham.Namun market investors, there is not much to know what components to be forming JCI value. Actually, JCI is often used as a reference to see respresentasi stock market movement as a whole.               In a column this portfolio, detikFinance will give an idea of forming components of JCI and what factors are making changes JCI as the transaction occurred on the first floor will bursa.Pertama presented the methods commonly used for stock index . In general, there are two kinds of formula to form a stock index. The first formula or method known as the Weighted Average. The formula was (Sigma) PxQ / Nd and then multiplied by 100.               P is the stock price at the regular market. Q is the weighting of shares (the number of shares listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange). Nd is the basic value, namely the value established by the number of shares listed on the Stock Exchange which listed in the index calculation. Basic values may change if any corporate action that causes the number of shares decreased or increased.             Simply put, each share is calculated in advance of market capitalization. Then add up all of the stock market capitalization of stocks in the index calculated, then divided by the basic values, then multiplied by 100. Market capitalization of stocks that are different from the total market capitalization value of all shares on the Stock Exchange, because there are stocks that do not take into account in calculating the index. Shares that are not considered to be confidential BEI. BEI parties have their own criteria for stocks that could be included in the calculation JCI.            So it can be said, JCI is the representative value of the average price of all shares on the Stock Exchange based on the number of shares listed. That's why is called the Average value Weightened average price of the weight or number of shares. The second formula is what is referred to as Average. Computation similar to the first formula. Only, do not include the weight or number of shares registered in the calculation. The formula is (Sigma) P / Nd multiplied by 100.           What factors alone made the JCI level moves up or down. First of course the stock price. But not only that. A sharp increase or decrease a stock's price affect the JCI movement. But how much it affects the increase depends on the weight of JCI shares. So quite simply, an increase or decrease in JCI is very dependent on the movement of stocks berkapitalisasi large. Depart from here and then there were some stocks mentioned as a driving force JCI. Value reached 10% of the total market capitalization value of all shares on the Stock Exchange included in the calculation JCI. BEI market capitalization now around Rp 1700 trillion. With a market capitalization of that size, increase or decrease the price of Rp 50 points it will memberikanpengaruhpadalevelIHSG. And this method come include stocks that are less actively traded, even sometimes classified as shares to sleep. This will cut the representation of the real JCI markets, because stocks are not traded part included in its calculations.          However, the Stock Exchange considers that the method used should be enough to represent the movement of the daily stock trading floor.

entREprEnEuRrrrrrrr

 

        Entrepreneurship is the act of being an entrepreneur, which is a French word meaning "one who undertakes an endeavor". Entrepreneurs assemble resources including innovations, finance and business acumen in an effort to transform innovations into economic goods. This may result in new organizations or may be part of revitalizing mature organizations in response to a perceived opportunity. The most obvious form of entrepreneurship is that of starting new businesses; however, in recent years, the term has been extended to include social and political forms of entrepreneurial activity. When entrepreneurship is describing activities within a firm or large organization it is referred to as intra-preneurship and may include corporate venturing, when large entities spin-off organizations.

        Entrepreneurial activities are substantially different depending on the type of organization that is being started. Entrepreneurship ranges in scale from solo projects (even involving the entrepreneur only part-time) to major undertakings creating many job opportunities. Many "high value" entrepreneurial ventures seek venture capital or angel funding in order to raise capital to build the business. Angel investors generally seek returns of 20-30% and more extensive involvement in the business.[3] Many kinds of organizations now exist to support would-be entrepreneurs, including specialized government agencies, business incubators, science parks, and some NGOs. In more recent times, the term entrepreneurship has been extended to include elements not related necessarliy to business formation activity such as conceptualizations of entrepreneurship as a specific mindset (see also entrepreneurial mindset) resulting in entrepreneurial initiatives e.g. in the form of social entrepreneurship, political entrepreneurship, or knowledge entrepreneurship have emerged.

         Given entrepreneurship's potential to support economic growth, it is the policy goal of many governments to develop a culture of entrepreneurial thinking. This can be done in a number of ways: by integrating entrepreneurship into education systems, legislating to encourage risk-taking, and national campaigns. 

souRce: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entrepreneurship_education

...... CoNdiTiOnaL SenTeCee.......

Conditional Sentence Is....?????

• ·       Conditional Sentences are also known as Conditional Clauses or If Clauses. They are used to express that the action in the main clause (without if) can only take place if a certain condition (in the clause with if) is fulfilled. There are three types of Conditional Sentences

• ·       A conditional sentence describes the condition that is necessary for a particular result to occur. The conjunctions if, even if, when, whenever, whether, and unless often appear in conditional sentences.  The meaning of a conditional sentence determines which verb tenses needs to be used in the independent and subordinate clauses.

 

Conditional sentences in general have characteristics as follows:

• ·       use words if the subordinate clause (subordinate clause). Because of this clause if preceded by the clause if it is called.

• ·       use of auxiliary capital, such as will, can, may, must, would, could, might, etc. the main sentence (main clause). 

There are three types of Conditional Sentences:

1.     Conditional Sentence Type 1 

Conditional Sentences Type I refer to the future. An action in the future will only happen if a certain condition is fulfilled by that time. We don't know for sure whether the condition actually will be fulfilled or not, but the conditions seems rather realistic – so we think it is likely to happen.  

It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled.

Form: if + Simple Present, will-Future

Example:

If I have the money, I will buy this car.

If it's sunny, we'll go to the park.

If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation.

Peter will be sad if Susan leaves.

If I don’t see him this afternoon, I will phone him in the evening.

If you cook dinner, I'll wash the dishes.

If I had a lot of money, I wouldn’t stay here.

2.    Conditional Sentence Type 2 

Conditional Sentences Type II refer to situations in the present. An action could happen if the present situation were different. I don't really expect the situation to change, however. I just imagine „what would happen if …“

It is possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled.

Form: if + Simple Past, Conditional I (= would + Infinitive)

Example:

If I had the money, I would buy this car.

If I were you, I would drive more carefully in the rain.

If I found her address, I would send her an invitation.  

If I had a lot of money, I wouldn’t stay here.

I would send her an invitation if I found her address.

   

3.   Conditional Sentence Type 3

Conditional Sentences Type III refer to situations in the past. An action could have happened   in the past if a certain condition had been fulfilled. Things were different then, however. We just imagine, what would have happened if the situation had been fulfilled.

It is impossible that the condition will be fulfilled because it refers to the past.

Form: if + Past Perfect, Conditional II (= would + have + Past Participle)

Example:

If I had had the money, I would have bought this Audi.

If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation.

If we had played a little better, we could have won the game.

I would have sent her an invitation if I had found her address.

If I hadn’t studied, I wouldn’t have passed my exams. 

SourCe By : 

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/conditional-sentences

http://netgrammar.altec.org/Units/Unit_15/a101c15_201000.html

http://pdfdatabase.com/download/conditional-sentence-doc-8606818.html

Monopoli Carrefour?

PENGGANTIAN nama gerai Alfa Supermarket menjadi Carrefour memberikan peluang besar bagi ritel multinasional tersebut untuk memonopoli pasar ritel di Indonesia. Carrefour mulai mengganti nama Alfa Supermarket menjadi Carrefour dan Carrefour Express pada minggu lalu dan menargetkan pergantian nama seluruh gerai Alfa supermarket sebelum event Lebaran 2008.

Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha (KPPU) memanggil pemimpin PT Carrefour Indonesia terkait dengan dugaan monopoli pascapengambilalihan Alfa Retailindo. Pascapencaplokan supermarket dengan label Alfa itu, peretail asal Prancis tersebut dituding menguasai sekitar 66 persen pasar modern di Indonesia. Komisi menilai praktek tersebut bertentangan dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat

Direktur Komunikasi Komisi Pengawas A. Junaidi mengatakan Carrefour dipanggil untuk pemeriksaan pendahuluan atas dugaan monopoli. “Tim pemeriksa akan memaparkan fakta-fakta yang ditemukan,” katanya.

Pemanggilan Carrefour oleh Komisi Pengawas merupakan yang kedua kalinya. Sebelumnya, pada 2005, perusahaan retail itu dipanggil dengan tuduhan melakukan praktek usaha tidak sehat. Hasilnya, Carrefour diganjar denda sekitar Rp 1,5 miliar.

Ketua Tim Pemeriksa Komisi Pengawas Dedie S. Martadisastra mengatakan penyelidikan kasus hanya menghitung pangsa pasar Carrefour di antara segmen supermarket dan hipermarket. “Pasar minimarket dan pasar tradisional tidak masuk hitungan,” ujarnya. Pengecualian ini karena adanya perbedaan karakteristik yang ditandai sistem pembayaran, jumlah barang yang dijual, dan karakter pemasok.

Setelah Carrefour mengambil alih Alfa pada awal 2008, pangsa pasarnya melonjak menjadi 66,73 persen, diikuti Hero-Giant 19,16 persen dan Matahari-Hypermart 10,88 persen. “Akuisisi atas Alfa menyebabkan Carrefour memiliki posisi n dan memiliki daya tawar yang besar terhadap pemasok,” kata Dedie.

Dampak dari penguasaan pangsa pasar yang semakin gemuk, kata Dedie, Carrefour bisa menentukan besaran yang diterima pemasok dalam trading term. Pemasok harus menanggung biaya listing fee, fixed rebate, biaya promosi, dan biaya lainnya.

Akibatnya, pemasukan fulus Carrefour dari pemasok ikut membubung. Berdasarkan catatan Komisi Pengawas selama Januari-September 2008, perusahaan itu mengantongi pendapatan Rp 207 miliar dan Rp 98 miliar dari Alfa. Semua pemasukan itu berasal dari persyaratan perdagangan yang diterapkan Carrefour terhadap pemasok.

Padahal peretail modern lainnya, kata Dedie, menerima pemasukan dari pemasok Rp 87,6 miliar untuk Hero-Giant dan Matahari-Hypermart sebesar Rp 49,7 miliar. “Ini data aktual berdasarkan laporan keuangan masing-masing perusahaan,” ujarnya.

Direktur Corporate Affair Carrefour Irawan Kadarman mempertanyakan asumsi dan dasar perhitungan yang digunakan Komisi Pengawas. Pihaknya membantah dasar tudingan tersebut. “Kami senantiasa mematuhi seluruh peraturan perundangan. Kami belum mengetahui asumsi apa yang digunakan Komisi,” katanya.

Dia menjelaskan, berdasarkan hasil riset Nielsen Indonesia, pasca-akuisisi Alfa, pangsa pasar Carrefour sekitar 17 persen. Sedangkan dibandingkan dengan seluruh retail modern di Indonesia, pangsa pasar Carrefour Group mencapai 6,3 persen. “Ini hasil dari riset independen,” katanya.

Mengenai kenaikan biaya pada persyaratan perdagangan yang digunakan Carrefour, kata dia, hal itu terkait dengan penyeragaman persyaratan antara Carrefour dan Alfa. “Alfa bagian dari kami, kebijakannya sama dan ini sesuatu yang wajar,” kata Irawan. Penggunaan persyaratan mengacu pada peraturan yang berlaku.

Irawan menjelaskan, biaya persyaratan perdagangan yang ditetapkan sudah disepakati dengan para pemasok. “Kontrak dengan pemasok mana pun disepakati kedua belah pihak,” ujarnya.

sumber : infoekonomi.com